MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_01C804F6.8707A430" This document is a Single File Web Page, also known as a Web Archive file. If you are seeing this message, your browser or editor doesn't support Web Archive files. Please download a browser that supports Web Archive, such as Windows® Internet Explorer®. ------=_NextPart_01C804F6.8707A430 Content-Location: file:///C:/8F33E969/CHAPTERXII.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" INTRODUCTION

A.        INTRODUCTION

 

Terrorism, whether it is of foreign or domestic origin has become the prime focus of t= he nation, because of the actions of September 11, 2001 and their aftermath. T= he federal government has declared war on terrorism. State and local authoriti= es are in the process of marshaling all available resources to assist the fede= ral government in the prevention, control, and resolution of acts of terrorism.= The C/WLEPC, for several years, has recognized that Terrorism is one of the 24 viable emergencies that could impact Cabell and Wayne Counties, and it has = had a basic plan for the prevention and control of terrorism in place. But with= the additional knowledge gained about the subject since September 11, 2001, this plan has been expanded to allow the C/WLEPC and its member organizations to become more knowledgeable of the subject, so that emphasis can be on pro-ac= tive measures, rather than only reactive ones.

 

Effective terrorism control and prevention is dependent upon the coordination of emergency management, emergency communications, emergency response, and facility management in a manner that can prevent and control terrorism. Each terrorism situation will be different, but the principles in this Plan will ensure the implementation of the best possible prevention, control, and resolution measures.

 

Information in the other C/WLEPC Plans and in the Cabell County and Wayne County Emerge= ncy Operations Plans may impact on this Terrorism Prevention and Control Plan. Where appropriate, they should be used in conjunction with this Plan. Likew= ise the Terrorism Prevention and Control Plan, where appropriate, should be use= d in conjunction with other C/WLEPC plans and the Emergency Operations Plans of Cabell and Wayne Counties.

 

B. &n= bsp;      PURPOSE

 

The purpose of this Plan is to provide a background on terrorism and to outline possible actions to be taken to prevent, control and resolve terrorism activities and to assure the coordinated efforts of the involved relevant emergency management, emergency communications, emergency response, and facility security organizations that would be involved.

 

Significant facts about terrorism emergency management taken from the highly detailed Cabell County and Wayne County Emergency Operations Plans Annex on Terrorism has been included because of the unique legal requirements impacting such management. These facts should be interpreted within the overall subject An= nex on Terrorism.

 

Terrorism control activities would concern persons at work directly and persons worki= ng,

traveling, or living adjacent to a governmental, non-profit, or private facility that could be impacted by terrorism activity.

C.      &= nbsp; BACKGROUND

 

In order to focus on potential problems in the Cabell/Wayne Emergency Planning District related = to terrorism, certain background information should be considered:<= /span>

 = ;

1.&n= bsp;            = ;     Public util= ities facilities offer prime targets for terrorism.

 = ;

2.&n= bsp;            = ;     Facilities involved with Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHSs) offer prime potential targets for terrorism.

 = ;

3.&n= bsp;            = ;     Significant municipal, county, state and federal facilities provide prime targets for

terrorism, especially when the purpose is to mak= e a political statement against authority. Disruption of emergency management, emergency communications, or emergency response activities that would be involved in controlling a simultaneous sabotage or terrorism attempt with a separate crime at another point qualifies them to be considered as prime targets also.

 

4.&n= bsp;            = ;     Schools and hospitals, because of the perceived helplessness of students and patients, = need to be considered as potential targets.

 = ;

5.&n= bsp;            = ;     Labor/Manag= ement conflict actions (strikes, layoffs, etc.) may initiate domestic terrorism activities that cannot only affect a facility and/or operation directly, but may endanger the safety, health, and/or economy of a community indirectly.<= o:p>

 = ;

6.&n= bsp;            = ;     Almost no facility, whether in the public, non-profit, or private sector, is safe from terrorists attacks when they are totally dedicated to an action, but much c= an be done by the management and security staffs of relevant private, non-prof= it, and public facilities to discourage terrorists from choosing a particular facility as a target.

 = ;

7.&n= bsp;            = ;     Terrorists = may be members of politically motivated organizations, but also may be former or present disgruntled employees, psychologically unbalanced individuals, memb= ers of ultra-right or ultra-left “rights”organizations, disgruntled students, disgruntled patients, members or agents of organized crime, or members  of some organizations expressing concerns about the environment and the perceived roles played by= facilities in matters concerning the environment, or a combination of two or more.

 =

8.&n= bsp;            = ;     Terrorism c= an be controlled by the physical safeguarding of facilities; security programming= of facilities; interaction (preventive and corrective actions) among

facility security personnel= and local, state and federal law enforcement agencies;

C.        BACKGROUND (Continued)

            8.         = (Continued) and internal and external intelligence. The greater the control factor, the less attractive a facility to terrorists. Depending on the size and type of facility, various components under the aforementioned controls would be applicable.

 =

9.&n= bsp;            = ;     Facilities occupied by large numbers of people, that are security vulnerable, such as stadiums, convention centers, auditoriums, major office buildings, major shopping malls, = high schools, higher education dormitories and m= ajor classroom facilities, major motels, etc., need to be considered as prime targets for possible terrorist attacks.

 

10.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; The general objective of individuals or groups interested in carrying out threats or actions of terrorism is to create a climate of fear and intimidation as a m= eans to achieve social, political, or personal, including financial, goals.=

 

11.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; Terrorist a= cts could include the threat and/or the commission of placement of explosives a= t a site, transmission of an explosive via a portable weapon (rifle, missile launcher, mortar, etc.), transmission of an explosive by a person willing to commit suicide, initiating and explosion by ramming a motor vehicle or airp= lane into the target, placing an explosive in an abandoned parked motor vehicle, ignition of a nuclear device, ignition of a “Dirty Bomb”, relea= se of a bio-terrorism agent in gaseous, liquid, or granular form, and assassination of key political figures.

 = ;

12.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; Terrorist a= cts could have secondary effects, such as the disruption of transportation syst= ems by destroying key elements (bridges, overpasses, tunnels, rail terminals, airport runways, etc.

 = ;

13.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; Terrorist a= cts could be waterborne from the Ohio and Big Sandy Rivers against facilities in Cabell and Wayne Counties, or against facilities in Kentucky or Ohio <= /o:p>

  &nbs= p;         that would have a direct impact on the C/WLEPD. While, the US Coast Guard has be= en assigned additional responsibilities for Homeland Security matters on navig= able waterways, the C/WLEPC and its relevant members need to work closely with t= he US Coast Guard to attempt to prevent acts of terrorism against such facilit= ies.

 = ;

14.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; There are distinct laws and regulations that impact how the threat or occurrence of a= cts of terrorism or sabotage are managed.

 = ;

15.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; A terrorist= or sabotage incident may occur with little or no advanced warning.<= /span>

 = ;

16.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p; Though, by = law, federal and State organizations may ultimately assume management control du= ring the Crisis Management phase of a terrorism incident, and to a lesser <= /o:p>

C.        BACKGROUND (Continued)=

  &nbs= p;         16.       (Cont= inued) extent the Consequence Management phase of a terrorism, local emergency management, communications, response, and support agencies should have the capability to manage at least the initial Crisis Management stage and a significant portion of the Consequence Management stage of a terrorism incident.

 

D.  &n= bsp;     INTERACTION BETWEEN FACILITY SECURITY AND GOVERNMENT LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

 

Interaction between those persons at principal public and private sector facilities res= ponsible for security (whether full time security personnel or supervisory personnel where no formal security unit exists) and local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, as well as appropriate emergency management personnel, emergency communications personnel, and emergency response personnel, is critical to a sound Terrorism Prevention and Control Plan. Such interacting includes to the greatest extent possible:

 

1.&= nbsp;        The identification of possible sabotage and terrorism targets. As a start the “Covered Facilities” list under SARA Title III, supplemented by other obvious facilities (fuel refining/distribution/storage facilities; wa= ter and wastewater, electrical, telephone, and natural gas utilities; major off= ice buildings; major education facilities; governmental buildings; mass gatheri= ng facilities, key transportation infrastructure locations, etc.) should be lo= oked at. Target facilities may be chosen by terrorists for themselves, the effec= t on the environment, the effect on the community, and/or the effect on the econ= omy. Such effects can be rational and/or psychological. Also see Appendix “B”, Terrorism Primary Potential Targets in the C/WLEPD.

 

2.  &n= bsp;      The analysis of the application of the preventive concepts of physical safeguar= ding control and security programming discussed above in this Plan, applied to t= he primary potential terrorism targets.

 

3.&n= bsp;            = ;     The design = of response programs for incidents at the primary potential terrorism targets. These response programs should include the role, not only of law enforcement agencies and emergency management and emergency communications personnel, b= ut of on-site security personnel, EMS, fire service personnel, and public heal= th and hospital personnel.

=  

4.  &n= bsp;      The establishment of training programs for terrorism control involving those personnel outlined in No. 3 above.

 = ;

 = ;

D.        INTERACTION BETWEEN FACILITY SECURITY AND GOVERNMENT LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES (Continued)<= /o:p>

 

5.  &n= bsp;      The holding of drills involving those personnel mentioned in No. 4 above. Such drills should not only be applied to principal private sector facilities, b= ut should also involve public utilities, governmental facilities, hospitals, a= nd public gathering facilities. Such drills should include tabletop and simula= tion exercises, as well as field exercises.

 = ;

6.&= nbsp;        The provision of a method of effectively updating the personnel mentioned in No= . 3 above about relevant information concerning the rapidly developing federal organization, laws, rules, regulations, guidelines, etc. having to do with Homeland

Security. Such informati= on can be vital for effective cooperation, whether it be legally mandated or voluntary. To a lesser extent, the same applies to relevant West Virginia government operations involving homeland security.

 

E.         = INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE

 

Intelligence can be int= ernal or external; conventional or unconventional. Internal intelligence is conducted primarily by facility management, while external intelligence is conducted primarily by governmental law enforcement and intelligence agencies.

 

Any intelligence action taken by facility or governmental personnel must always= be taken legally. No intelligence action justifies illegal action of any sort.

 = ;

Internal and external intelligence include:

 

1.&n= bsp;            = ;     Analysis of employee personnel files to the extent authorized by law.=

 

2.&n= bsp;            = ;     Interviewin= g of employees. This would include voluntary interviews and involuntary intervie= ws, the latter only within full compliance with all federal, state, and local government statutes and regulations.

 = ;

3.&n= bsp;            = ;     Analysis of activity reports in security sensitive physical and operational areas to de= tect any abnormal patterns of activity.

 

4.&n= bsp;            = ;      Establishment of an inter-agency/inter-facility Terrorism Control Task Force made up of representatives from relevant governmental and facility security agencies w= hich would periodically provide and analyze relevant intelligence information obtained by members of the Task Force.

E.         = INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE (Continued)

 

5.&n= bsp;            = ;     Observation= of suspect individuals without their knowledge, keeping in mind all legal rest= rictions on such activity.

 

6.&n= bsp;            = ;     Interceptio= n of verbal or written communications without the awareness of the suspect individuals involved, keeping in mind all legal restrictions on such activi= ty.

 = ;

7.&n= bsp;            = ;     Obtaining “secure” information, documents or objects for analysis without= the permission of the suspect persons responsible for them, keeping in mind all legal restrictions on such activities.

 

F.         = TERRORISM  INCIDENTS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

 

Because of federal and = West Virginia law and regulations, terrorism incidents emergency management is t= he exception to the normal emergency management utilized for other types of emergencies (hazards).

 

Phases of Emergency Man= agement For Terrorism Incidents

There are two distinct, but often overlapping ph= ases of  terrorism emergency anagem= ent. They are the Crisis Management stage and the Consequence Management stage. = Once it has been determined by local emergency management personnel that an ille= gal act is involved in an incident of sabotage or terrorism, the two-phase emergency management system is implemented, and West Virginia and federal l= aw and regulations take precedence.

 

        &= nbsp;   1.         = Crisis Management

a. =         Initial on-scene Crisis Management shall be the responsibility of a ranking member = of the police department or sheriff’s department having jurisdiction at = the Incident Site, who shall serve as the Incident Commander, until relieved by higher authority, normally the WV State Police.

 

b.&= nbsp;        The Incident Commander will request that the E-911 Communications Center notify= the WV State Police (WVSP) and the WV Division of Emergency Services and Homela= nd Security (WVDES and HS) of the terrorist incident, along with basic informa= tion gathered by the Incident Commander about the incident (as well as request t= hat the County Director of Emergency Services activates the Emergency Operations Room (EOR)).

 

F.         = TERRORISM INCIDENTS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (Continued)

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;   1.         = Crisis Management (Continued)

c.=         = The WVSP sends a Crisis Management Task Force (CMTF) to the ICP. The head of the CMTF becomes the On-Scene Commander (OSC), and the former IC becomes a key staff member at the Joint Operations Center (JOC), which replaces the ICP, headed by the OSC.

 

d.=         = At the time the action in subsection “a.” above takes place, the W= VDES and HS will activate and appropriately staff the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC). The SEOC will liaise with the JOC and the County EOR.

 

e.=         = At the time the SEOC is activated, it will notify the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of t= he terrorism or sabotage incident.

 

f.=         =   Upon arrival of the designated FBI representative at the JOC, that representative becomes the OSC at the JOC, with the former WVSP OSC and members of the CMTF and the former local government Incident Commander becoming key staff membe= rs at the JOC. The FBI OSC liaises with the SEOC and with the EOR as appropria= te. Representatives of the appropriate federal agencies join representatives of= the appropriate state agencies and local government agencies at the JOC as well= as the SEOC.

 <= /span>

            2.         = Consequence Management

a.         The Consequence Management phase may begin at the same point as the Crisis Management phase, during the Crisis Management phase, or at the end of the Crisis Management phase.

 

= b.         = The FBI OSC through federal channels may notify other federal agencies (includi= ng FEMA) of a significant terrorism threat, thereby allowing FEMA to implement standard procedures that shall alert other relevant federal agencies involv= ed in Consequence Management, and, if requested by the FBI OSC, shall deploy relevant representatives to the FBI JOC.

 

 

 

F.         TERRORISM INCIDE= NTS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (Continued)

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;   2.         = Consequence Management (Continued)

c.&= nbsp;        If a terrorism incident that produces major consequences occurs without warnin= g, the FBI and FEMA shall initiate Consequence

Management and Crisis Management actions concurr= ently, and FEMA shall immediately consult with the WVDES and HS to help determine = the scope of federal Consequence Management assistance.

 

d.&= nbsp;        The State of West Virginia and the appropriate local government jurisdiction sh= all exercise the preeminent authority to make decisions impacting the consequen= ces of an act of terrorism.  All a= ctions exercised under such authority will be coordinated with the FBI OSC within = the Unified Command at the JOC and SEOC.

 

e.=         = During the Consequence Management phase of the Incident, the federal government agencies, coordinated by FEMA, for US DHS, shall provide assistance as requ= ired and as requested by the SEOC and the appropriate local government emergency management personnel through the SEOC.

 

Note:           &nb= sp;   The NIMS follows the above proceedings as an exc= eption to its other emergency response procedures.

 

G.      = ;  TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES

 

1.&= nbsp;        EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (DYNAMITE, TNT, C-4, SEMTEX, CHEMICAL, ETC.)

a.&= nbsp;        Via direct device placement (hidden devices, non-hidden packages, luggage, etc.= )

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;  

b.         Via m= otor vehicle placement (parked automobiles, trucks, vans, etc.)

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;  

c.         Via m= oored water vehicle (boats and barges, etc.)

 

d.&= nbsp;        Via remote point origin (shoulder launched anti-tank/anti-aircraft rocket, rifl= e, grenade, etc.)

 

e.  &n= bsp;      Advantages of Explosive Devices

1.  &n= bsp;      Relatively easy to secure materials.

 

2.         Relatively easy to assemble device.=

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>G.  &n= bsp;     TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

=   &nbs= p;         e.         = Advantages of Explosive Devices (Continued)

3.         Relat= ively east to place because of so many potential targets, especially those of low= er priority.

 

4.  &n= bsp;      Low risk of perpetrator being initially apprehended.

 

5.         Low r= isk of perpetrator being killed or injured in process, providing perpetrator understands device.

 

6.         Can c= reate many casualties, depending on amount of explosive power in device, device focus, and device placement.

 

7.         May be difficult to detect if comprehensive security measures are not in place at target facility.

 

8.         Suita= ble for use at all potential target facilities, whether large or small and whet= her high or low priority.

 

9.         Threat alone can create panic at target facility and cause casualties.

 

10.  &= nbsp;    Threat alone can tie up valuable emergency management, emergency communications, a= nd emergency response personnel, thereby preventing other services to be rende= red ineffective manner and adding to the work stress of relevant emergency personnel.

 

f.  &n= bsp;       Explosive Device Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

1.     &nb= sp;   Placement of an explosive device would be most likely at any relevant facility not ha= ving comprehensive terrorism prevention

measures in place.

 

            2.  &n= bsp;      TRANSPORTATION MODE CRASHING

            =             a= .         = Via motor vehicle with explosives and/or quantity of combustible fuel.

            =             <= o:p>

b.  &n= bsp;      Via airplane with explosives and/or quantity of combustible fuel.

            =             <= o:p>

c.  &n= bsp;      Via boat with explosives and/or quantity of combustible fuel.=

            =             <= o:p>

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'> 

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'> 

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>G.  &n= bsp;     TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

            2.         = TRANSPORTATION MODE CRASHING (Continued)

 

d.  &n= bsp;      Transportation Mode Crashing Advantages

            =             &nb= sp;           1.         = All logical listings under I. e. above.

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

  &nbs= p;         2.         = Effective for large scale achievement, if terrorists have control of relevant transportation mode and are willing to die for the

achievement.

 

3.  &n= bsp;      Difficult to prevent, unless barrier or deflective devises are in place.

 

4.  &n= bsp;      More likely to tie up emergency resources for a greater length of time, dependin= g on target focus, and strength of explosive.

 

5.   &= nbsp;     More likely to cause emergency worker stress, both at incident scene and from post-traumatic shock.

 

6.  &n= bsp;      More likely to cause panic stress among the general public.

            =             <= o:p>

e.  &n= bsp;      Transportation Mode Crashing Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

1.&= nbsp;        High priority private sector, governmental, and mass gathering facilities would = be the most likely targets for this method of terrorism.

 

        &= nbsp;   3.         = INDIVIDUAL SELF DESTRUCTION (SUICIDE BOMBERS)

        &= nbsp;     &nbs= p;         a.         = Via obvious explosive device.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

b.&= nbsp;        Via hidden explosive device (underneath clothing, in foot-ware, in hand held luggage or package).

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

c.&= nbsp;        Individual Self Destruction Advantages.

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>1.      =             All logical listings under I. E. above.

 

2.&n= bsp;            = ;     Almost impo= ssible to stop if explosives are hidden, and individual is not afraid of dieing. <= o:p>

 

3.&n= bsp;            = ;     Has strong negative psychological effect on local public, often leading to the tempora= ry disruption of activities in the immediate area.

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>G.  &n= bsp;     TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>  &nbs= p;         3.         = INDIVIDUAL SELF DESTRUCTION (SUICIDE BOMBERS) (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           d.         = Individual Self Destruction Opportunities in the C/WLEPD.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Major commercial areas (mall, shopping centers, etc.)

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          2.         = Mass gathering facilities.

 

4.=          TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS OF TERRORISM

            =   &nbs= p;         a.         = Tactical Nuclear Device

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Via being delivered in person.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;         

&nb= sp;           a. Hidden in undisguised location.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           b. Hidden inside “innocent” common container.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          2.         = Via remote delivery (bomb, missile).

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.         = “Dirty” Bomb (Conventional explosive device combined with radiation source to cause long term contamination)

&n= bsp;          

&n= bsp;           c.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Tactical Nuclear Weapons of Terrorism Advantages

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Very high short term and long term casualty rate.

&n= bsp;          

&n= bsp;            = ;           2.         = Makes property affected virtually unusable because of effects of radiation.<= /o:p>

&n= bsp;          

&n= bsp;            = ;           3.         = Causes great public stress, because of fall out effect as well as initial psychological shock.

&n= bsp;          

&n= bsp;            = ;           4.         = Disrupts fabric of community from social and economic standpoints.=

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           5.         = Overly stresses Emergency Management, Emergency Communications, Emergency Response, Public Health, and Hospital operations and personnel.

&n= bsp;          

&n= bsp;            = ;           6.         = Create additional private health, hospital, and public health problems because any health symptoms or concerns among the general populace of the impacted area being instantly related to the terrorist event.

 

G.=         TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           7.         = Very difficult to prevent, unless radiological monitoring devices have been used= for detection prior to the event.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           e.         = Tactical Nuclear Weapons of Destruction Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Because of the required resources devoted to this form of terrorism and the desire = to create the most damage, it would be most likely used at a major mass gather= ing event location.

 

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  &n= bsp;      BIO-TERRORISM WEAPONS

            =   &nbs= p;         a.         = Examples

1.      =             Anthrax

a.&= nbsp;        An acute infections disease caused by the spore forming Bacillus antracus.<= o:p>

 

b.         Not contagious.

 

c.         Cutan= eous (Skin) form is 95% curable.

 

d.=         = Pulmonary (inhalation) form is difficult to treat, but        =      curable if diagnosed early. &nb= sp;            =             

 

e.=         = Initial symptoms, within seven days of infection, for the inhalation form are simil= ar to those of the common cold, followed in several days by severe breathing problems and shock.

 

f.  &n= bsp;       Initial symptoms, within seven days of infection, of the

        =     intestinal form are nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting and

        =     fever, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood  and

        =     severe diarrhea.

 

g.=         = Early treatment of exposure to the illness with specific antibiotics is essential= for all forms; delay lessons chances for survival.

 

h.=         = A vaccine is available for prevention, but is not         recommended by the US Public Health Service for the general public at this time.

 

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVE= RY CATAGORIES (Continued)

5.         BIO-T= ERRORISM WEAPONS (Continued)

  &nbs= p;           &nbs= p;         a.         = Examples (Continued)

1.  &n= bsp;      Anthrax (Continued)

i.=         =   While not easy to spread, a possible effective terrorism use would be the dispers= al of the bacteria in a dusting form through the HVAC system of an enclosed ma= ss gathering facility.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          2.         = Cholera

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          a.  &n= bsp;      Acute, diarrheal illness caused by bacterial infection of        =             the intestines.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          <= /span>

b.         Only = about 5% of the cases are severe enough to cause        =             possible death.

 

c.=         = Severe case symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps.

 

d.=         = Death can occur within hours of the onset of the sever         symptoms, from dehydration and shock, if not treated.

 

e.&= nbsp;       = Cholera is spread through the contamination of potable

water and food.

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp; 

f.          Insertion of the Cholera bacteria into a public water supply        =      system is the most likely terrorism action.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;         

g.=         = Disruption of the public wasetwater treatment operations could exacerbate the spread of Cholera.

 

h.=         = Once there is awareness of Cholera, additional chlorine       trea= tment of public water supply and boiling of or iodine     treatment of well water can help prevent the further spread of the disease.=

 

i.=         =   Should food contaminat= ion be determined to be a possible  terrorism action, the further spread of the disease from that source= can be prevented thorough cooking and consumption of the food while hot and the peeling of all fruit.

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVE= RY CATAGORIES (Continued)

5.         BIO-T= ERRORISM WEAPONS (Continued)

  &nbs= p;           &nbs= p;         a.         = Examples (Continued)

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;  2.         = Cholera (Continued)

j.=         =   Preventive vaccination when an outbreak has not been identified is not recommended bec= ause of the comparative short time effectiveness of the vaccine, and the general unavailability of the vaccine at this time.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          3.         = Smallpox

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          a.  &n= bsp;      The disease is caused by the variola virus.

 

b.=         = The incubation period of the disease ranges from 7 to 17 days.

 

c.=         = Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and backaches. Within two to three days, a flat red rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, appears at the same rate.

 

d.=         = Highly contagious, following exposure the disease is spread by saliva droplets.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;                  &= nbsp;   e.  &n= bsp;      Only the United States and Russian Disease Control

Centers have the Smallpox germs.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          f.  &n= bsp;       Vaccine is readily available, and, if given within four days

of exposure, can lessen the severity= or even prevent illness.

 

g.=         = There is no known treatment for the more supportive therapy (intravenous fluids, = pain and fever medication, etc.), and antibiotics for any secondary bacterial infections that occur.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          h.  &n= bsp;      The majority of Smallpox victims survive, but there is an   

approximate 30% death rate for the disease.

 

i.=         =   Some immunity or resistance may exist in older United States citizens who receiv= ed vaccinations as children.

 

 

 

G.=         TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           a.         = Examples (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           3.         = Smallpox (Continued)

j.&= nbsp;         If the Smallpox bacteria became available to terrorists, the most likely use w= ould be in a mist dispersed through the HVAC systems of an enclosed mass gatheri= ng facilities,

&nb= sp;           with aerial spray dispersal over an open mass gathering facility also being a possible method.

 

k. =         Secondary terrorism benefits would come from the initial spread of the disease by tho= se infected, especially during the first week, when they are most infectious a= nd the defining symptoms may not be apparent.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          4.         = Pneumonic Plague

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          a.  &n= bsp;      The disease is bacterial, found in rodents and their fleas.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          b.  &n= bsp;      The bacteria from the disease impacts the lungs.

 

c.=         = The disease is spread by face to face contact between humans through respirator droplets.

 

d.=         = Symptoms are fever, headache, weakness, and cough productive of bloody or watery spu= tum.

 

e.=         = The disease progresses over a 2 to 4 day period and may cause septic shock, and, without early treatment, death.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          f.  &n= bsp;       The disease is treatable with specific antibiotics if

diagnosed early enough.

=  

&n= bsp;                   &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;  g.  &n= bsp;      At the present time, there is no vaccine against this disease.

 

h.=         = Possible terrorism use of this disease would be dispersal of a mist through the HVAC systems of an enclosed mass gathering facility or dispersal of the disease = in an aerial spray over an open mass gathering facility.

 

 

 

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVE= RY CATAGORIES (Continued)

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;   a.         = Examples (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           5.         = Botulism

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          a.  &n= bsp;      It is a muscle paralyzing disease caused by a bacterial 

        =     toxin.

 

b.=         = The three kinds of the disease are food-borne, infant, and wound, with food-borne being the form f= or bio-terrorism use.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          <= /span>

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          c.         = Food-borne botulism shows its symptoms most commonly&= nbsp; between 12 and 36 hours, but they can begin as early as 6

=             <= /span>  &nbs= p;         hours or as late as 2 weeks.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;           

d.=         = Food-borne botulism symptoms include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness that always descends from the shoulders. This is followed by paralysis of the breathing muscles.=

 

e.         Botul= ism cannot be spread from one person to another.

 

f.=         =   Botulism antitoxin is maintained by the USPHS Center for Disease Control and is effective in reducing the severity of the symptoms, if administered early enough. Supportive care of weeks to months results in recovery for most patients.

 

g.&= nbsp;        Possible terrorism use of this disease could be the introduction of the disease bact= eria into food served at a mass gathering event through a vendor, or introductio= n of it into food at an organizational event.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          6.         = Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

a.         Sever= e, often fatal viral infection illness caused by the

        =     Ebola virus.

 

b.         Trans= mitted by:

1.&= nbsp;        Direct contact with secretions or blood of an infected person.

2.   &= nbsp;     Direct contact with objects, such as a needle, that

have been infected with the virus.

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;   a.         = Examples (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          6.         = Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Continued)

c.         Initi= al common symptoms are high fever, headache, muscle        =       aches, stomach pain, fatigue, and diarrhea.

 

d.=         = Follow-up common symptoms (within one week) are chest pain and shock, resulting in de= ath in most cases.

 

e.=         = Difficult to diagnose in early stages, because of commonality of symptoms with other diseases.

 

f.=         =   Treatment, by personnel wearing protective clothing, is        primarily supportive, such as balancing patient’s fluids and   electrolytes, maintaining ox= ygen status and blood pressure, and treating for any complicating infections.

 

g.=         = Terrorism utilization would most likely be initiated through the introduction of the virus in a spray through the HVAC system of an enclosed mass gathering facility, with secondary infection spreading by natural contact with persons infected, prior to the determination of the disease.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          7.         = Typhoid Fever

a.=         = Is a bacterial infection carried in the blood stream and the       inte= stinal tract of human beings.

 

b.=         = Initial contact with the disease is with human feces in drink or food.

 

c.=         = Symptoms are high fever (up to 104 degrees), weakness, stomach pains, headache, and = loss of appetite.

 

d.=         = Test of blood and stool for the bacteria will identify the disease.

 

e.=         = An effective vaccine for the disease is available, but the process of administering the vaccine takes a minimum of one week.

 

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

5.         = BIO-TERRORISM WEAPONS (Continued)

7.  &n= bsp;      Typhoid Fever (Continued)

f.=         =   Initial recovery period is 2-7 days, with sound personal hygiene necessary during t= he total recovery period.

 

g.=         = 20% of the long term untreated cases may die from        =           complications of the infection.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;            = ;          h.  &n= bsp;      The most likely terrorism action for this disease would be        =          contamination of a tre= ated public water supply.

 

i.      =             &nb= sp; A secondary terrorism action for this disease would be the   disruption of a public waste= water treatment system

&nb= sp;           upst= ream from a reasonably close other population center, through the  release of untreated human feces containing the disease bacteria.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.         = Advantages of Bio-terrorism Utilizing Typhoid Fever

&n= bsp;            = ;                   &= nbsp;   1.         = Relatively easy to initiate, once the agent is secured.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Difficult to detect in some instances, because of the delay between the act of terror= ism and the onset of the initial symptoms of the agent.

 

3.&= nbsp;        Creates panic among the general public, especially in the area of the initial incid= ent.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Creates many casualties with little effort.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Stresses Public Health and hospital operations.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           6.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Stresses general population through disruption of normal life style.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           7.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Creates secondary temporary economic problems through No. 6 above.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           c.         = Possible Bio-terrorism Attack Indicators of Typhoid Fever

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Marked increase of illness with common complaints impacting population.=

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

5.         = BIO-TERRORISM WEAPONS (Continued)

c.=          Possible Bio-terrorism Attack Indicators of Typhoid Fever (Continued)      =

2.&= nbsp;        Presence of a large number of insects or unusual insects.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Presence of large number of dead wild and domestic animals.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Evidence of unscheduled low flying aircraft dispersing fogs, mists, or sprays.<= /o:p>

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Evidence of physical intrusion at facilities in the bio-terrorism spectrum (water and wastewater treatment facilities, laboratory facilities having bio-terrorism resources, mass feeding food preparation facilities, etc.).

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

d.=          Individual Preventive Measures Regarding Typhoid Fever

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Research the health history of self and direct antecedents.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Maintain sound physical condition through diet and exercise and other good health habits.

&n= bsp;          

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Take advantage of available immunization opportunities, as recommended by public health authorities.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Maintain good personal hygiene practices, including hand washing.<= /p>

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

e.&= nbsp;        Bio-terrorism Threat Opportunities for Utilization of Typhoid Fever in the C/WLEPD

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Significant governmental, educational, industrial, business, and commercial enclosed facilities thorough HVAC systems and common area contamination.<= /span>

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Significant food preparation, serving, and vending operations through contamination of = offered items.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Mass gathering events through HVAC systems or aerial dispersal, contamination of food vending supplies, and common area contamination.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

  &nbs= p;         4.         = General population through contamination of public water supply and aerial dispersa= l.

G.  &n= bsp;     TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

  &nbs= p;         6.         = CHEMICAL TERRORISM

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        a.  &n= bsp;      Chemical Terrorism Agent Classification

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Nerve – Impacts the nervous system components.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          2.         = Blood- Deprives transfer of oxygen to other cells.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          3.         = Blister – Irritates cells.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          4.         = Choking – Interferes with inhalation process.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          5.         = Vomiting – Produces Nausea followed by severe vomiting (usually preceded by a runny nose, sneezing and coughing)

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          6.         = Incapacitating – Temporarily acutely interferes with normal physical or thought proc= ess

 

            =   &nbs= p;         b.         = Examples of Chemicals Suitable for Terrorism Purposes

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = VX (Nerve)      =           

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          2.         = Carbon Monoxide (Blood)

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          3.         = Hydrogen Cyanide (Blood)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        4.         = Cyanogen Chloride (Blood)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        5.         = Cyanogen Bromide (Blood)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        6.         = Phosgene Oxime (CX) (Blister)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        7.         = Sulfur Mustards (Blister)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        8.         = Nitrogen Mustards (Blister)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        9.         = Lewisite (Blister)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        10.       Chlor= ine (Choking)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        11.       Ammon= ia (Choking)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        12.       Methyl Isocyanite (MIC) Choking)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        13.       Ogano= phosphate Insecticide (Choking)

  &nbs= p;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        14.       Phos= gene (Choking)

  &nbs= p;                 &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;   15.       Dipho= sgene (Choking)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        16.       Chlor= opicin (Choking)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        18.       Tear = Gas (Incapacitating)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        20.       Mace (Incapacitating)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        21.       Pepper Spray (Incapacitating)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        22.       BZ (Incapacitating)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        23.       Adams= ite (DM) (Vomiting)

 

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVE= RY CATAGORIES (Continued)

            6.         = CHEMICAL TERRORISM (Continued)

  &nbs= p;          c.&= nbsp;       Chemical Terrorism Advantages

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        1.         = Relatively easy to acquire and/or produce.

  &nbs= p;        

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        2.         = Creates many casualties with little effort.

  &nbs= p;        

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        3.         = Difficult to detect in some instances.

  &nbs= p;        

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        4.         = Creates panic in the impacted area.

  &nbs= p;        

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        5.         = Disrupts and stresses normal emergency response and hospital operations and personne= l.

  &nbs= p;        

d.  &n= bsp;      Possible Chemical Terrorism Indicators

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        1.         = Emission vapor cloud (Outside).

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        2.         = Significant uncommon abnormal odor (Outside/Inside).

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;       

  &nbs= p;         3.         = Multiple victim acute physical distress symptoms (Inside/Outside).=

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

  &nbs= p;         4.         = Multiple unconscious or dead victims without obvious trauma.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        5.         = Significant uncommon color of and/or odor from waterways.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        6.         = Significant dead insects, animals, birds, or fish.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        7.         = Significant dead plant life.

  &nbs= p;        

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          8.         = Explosion that has insignificant damage from the explosion itself, but dispense liqui= ds, mists, or gas.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        9.         = Unscheduled and/or unusual spray being disseminated.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        10.       Aband= oned spray devices.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        e.         = Chemical Terrorism Threat Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        1.         = Mass Gathering Facilities

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       a.  Directly via aerial or surface dis= persal (Open)

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

  &nbs= p;         6.         = CHEMICAL TERRORISM (Continued)

e.=          Chemical Terrorism Threat Opportunities in the C/WLEPC (Continued)=

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.  Through HVAC system (Enclosed)

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.         = Urban areas down wind of ruptured relevant chemical storage vessels.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;                      a.  Manufacturing or processing site

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;           &nb= sp;          b.  Truck tank

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           f.        &= nbsp; Chemical Terrorism Detection Devices

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Improved Chemical Agent Monitor-Detector

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = M18A2 and M256 Chemical Agent Detector Kits

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Various enzyme tickets

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = M8 and M9 Detection Papers

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Detector tubes

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           6.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Pesticide tickets

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

  &nbs= p;         7.         = Electronic meters

 

&n= bsp;           7.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = ASSASSINATION TERRORISM

            =   &nbs= p;         a.         = Assassination of Key Individual

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Political Figure (Domestic or foreign act of terrorism)

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Other Figure (Domestic act of terrorism)

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = May be political, ideological, or personal.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Initiated by organization or individual.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

b.=          Assassination of Random Group Members

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Most likely domestic act of personal terrorism by member of same group (Educatio= nal facility, workplace, family unit, etc.).

 

2.  &n= bsp;      May end with suicide of perpetrator.

G.  &n= bsp;     TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

  &nbs= p;         7.         = ASSASSINATION TERRORISM (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.         = Assassination of Random Group Members (Continued)

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = May be random appearing “theme” or “serial” killings ba= sed upon assassin’s decision only.

 

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Most likely a domestic perpetuator.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

c.=          Advantages of Assassination Terrorism

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Difficult to predict.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Difficult to protect victim from dedicated assassin who does not care about survival.=

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

3.&= nbsp;        Inexpensive.

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;         

4.&= nbsp;        Requires little expertise, except for professional assassination of key political fi= gure where the assassin does not wish to be apprehended.

 

5.&= nbsp;        Random serial acts have strong mass economic and psychological impact. =

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           d.         = Assassination Terrorism Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Visit of high ranking federal or state official.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Visit of celebrity.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Appearance of key local government official.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Other opportunities in the eyes of the assassin.

 

e.=          Assassination Terrorism Weapons

  &nbs= p;         1.         = Firearms

  &nbs= p;         2.         = Bomb/Grenade (hand or rifle)

 

  &nbs= p;         8.         = ARSON TERRORISM

  &nbs= p;           &nbs= p;         a.         = Arson terrorism differs from ordinary criminal arson because of purpose, a <= /o:p>

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        political goal, rather than an economic one.

  &nbs= p;        

 

G.  &n= bsp;     TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

  &nbs= p;         8.         = ARSON TERRORISM (Continued)

b.            Arson terrorism is a favorite domestic terrorism method (Women’s clinics,

      minority structures of worship, etc.).

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           c.         = Methods of Committing Arson

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Placing accelerant directly at the focus of the act of arson for immediate ignition=

 

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Combining an auxiliary fuel source with accelerant at the focus of the act of arson.<= o:p>

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Using a timing device of some sort combined with an ignition device to provide a delayed ignition at the focus point.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Using a fire bomb (Molotov Cocktail or similar device) to ignite the focus point = from a remote location.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Using a projectile (bullet, anti-tank or anti-aircraft rocket, rifle grenade, etc= .) as the igniter device, with the focus point target furnishing the fuel.

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

d.=          Advantages of Arson Terrorism

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = It is a simple procedure (ignition device + fuel).

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = The two components are readily available.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = No training is needed for committing basic arson terrorism.<= /p>

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = It is difficult to prevent.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Because of the usual stealth factor, the perpetrator has a good chance of at least initially escaping the consequences of the act.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           6.         = It can be a “bonus” effect of other forms of terrorism (explosive devices, nuclear devices, etc.)

 

&n= bsp;           7.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = It often destroys any meaningful evidence of the act, making ultimate detection and apprehension of the perpetrator difficult.

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;       

G.=         TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued) &n= bsp; 

8.  &n= bsp;      ARSON TERRORISM (Continued)

e.=          Arson Terrorism Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Hate crime facilities (Women’s clinics, minority structures of worship, ho= mes of “unwanted” persons, etc.)

 

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Any structure of terrorism significance that would benefit from the “bonus” of the delivery of a remote explosive igniter (rocket, rifle grenade, mortar shell, bullet).

 

&n= bsp;           9.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = TECHNOLOGICAL TERRORISM

            =   &nbs= p;         a.         = Primary Options

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Disruption of computerized and related electronic control and record systems through t= he introduction of a computer virus.

a.=         = Communications – Emergency communications systems, aircraft control systems, commerc= ial communications systems, etc.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.  &n= bsp;      Public Health and Safety – Water treatment processing and        =            =       delivery, wastewater treatment and delivery, traffic control 

 si= gnals programming, etc.

 

c.=         = Key Record Systems – Taxes, fees, banking and investment, credit, court records, public and higher education, private sector billing, etc.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          2.         = Disruption of computerized and related electronic control and record systems through t= he introduction of false information.

 

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.         = Advantages of Technological Terrorism

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Can be accomplished off site, making detection and apprehension of a perpetrator difficult.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Costly to defend against, requiring often times highly sophisticated and time consuming safeguards.

 

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Can transfer its disruptive programming to other sites automatically in some ca= ses.

 

  &nbs= p;         4.         = Has a high benefit to cost factor.

G.        TERRORISTIC ACT DELIVERY CATAGORIES (Continued)

9.   &= nbsp;     TECHNOLOGICAL TERRORISM (Continued)

&n= bsp;            = ;           b.         = Advantages of technological Terrorism (Continued)

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Can be beneficial in conjunction with other categories of terrorism.=

&n= bsp;                   &= nbsp;  

c.=          Technological Terrorism Opportunities in the C/WLEPD

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          1.         = Terrorism sensitive manufacturing facilities.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           2.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Emergency management and emergency communications operations.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           3.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Local government tax records.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           4.         = Local government property records.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           5.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Public utility operations.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           6.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Banking and investment records.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           7.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Traffic control signal operations.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           8.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Air traffic control operations.

&n= bsp;            = ;           <= /o:p>

&n= bsp;           9.<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>         = Commercial billing records.

 

H.  &nb= sp;     ACTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND CONTROL OF ACTS

      OF TERRORI= SM

 

  &n= bsp;   1.         = GENERAL

&n= bsp;            = ;           a.         = Initiate an internal analysis of the acts of terrorism that could impact the

&n= bsp;            = ;            &n= bsp;          facility/= organization.

 

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>b.      =             Identify, a= ssess, and prioritize facility/organizational shortfall in the prevention, mitigat= ion, and control of possible acts of terrorism that could impact the facility/organization.

 

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>c.      =              Develop pro= grams, policies, and procedures to overcome the shortfalls

in “b.” above.

 

H.  &nb= sp;     ACTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND CONTROL OF ACTS

      OF TERRORI= SM (Continued)

1.         GENERAL (Continu= ed)

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>d.      =             Prepare or = expand existing facility/organization Emergency Operation Plan to include acts of terrorism.

 

<= span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>e.      =              Prepare a facility/organizational Anti-terrorism Policies and Procedures <= /span>

Manual or chapter in an existing manual of polic= ies and procedures.

 

f.   &nbs= p;      Participate in terrorism intelligence sharing organization based upon the C/WLEPC that would include relevant law enforcement agencies serving the District, inclu= ding relevant federal and State of West Virginia agencies.

 

g.&= nbsp;        Participate in an intelligence sharing organization based upon similar work focus.=

 

h.&= nbsp;        Maintain a relation sh= ip through the organizations mentioned in “f.” and “g.” above with the relevant State of West Virginia Homeland Defense agency.

 

i.&= nbsp;         Provide in-depth training about terrorism for all organizational senior management = and security personnel.

 

j.&= nbsp;         Provide a minimum of basic training about terrorism for all non-security and senior management personnel.

 

k.   &nbs= p;     Provide continual training on the subject of Terrorism for all Emergency Management, Emergency Communications, Emergency Response, Public Health, and Hospital personnel, in order to help them assimilate the constantly expanding knowle= dge of the subject.

 

l.&= nbsp;         Provide the general public with periodic updates concerning Terrorism to help preve= nt erroneous information on the subject from causing panic and unnecessary str= ess.

 

m.&= nbsp;       Protect security sensitive information, while still complying with the provision of employee and community right-to-know information legal

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;  requirements.

 

H.        ACTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND CONTROL OF ACTS

      OF TERRORI= SM (Continued)

1.         GENERAL (Continu= ed)

n.&= nbsp;        Destroy security sensitive solid waste (paperwork, product, etc.)

        =     completely to prevent possible intelligence analysis by terrorists.<= o:p>

 

o.&= nbsp;        Prevent sensitive computer files from technological theft by terrorists for intelligence analysis purposes, by installation of effective program entry safeguards.

 

p.&= nbsp;        Provide training for employees working in security sensitive areas to be aware of abnormal behavior by other employees and visitors in or near such areas.

 

2.=   PHYSICAL FACILITY TERRORISM SECURITY OPTIONS

a.&= nbsp;        Install fencing and/or other barrier devices around facility and inside facility ar= ound critical security areas.

 

b.   &nbs= p;     Strengthen vehicular entries with gates and/or barriers to prevent the ability of a terrorist to crash through existing vehicular entries in order to commit an= act of terrorism.

 

c.&= nbsp;        Strengthen or install barriers around critical buildings or other structures within a facility to prevent or minimize acts of terrorism involving explosives on s= ite or delivered remotely.

 

d.&= nbsp;        Install door locks on all buildings sensitive to terrorist actions, that can only be opened by authorized key card holders.

 

e.&= nbsp;        Place underground communications and electrical utility lines now overhead.<= /o:p>

 

f.&= nbsp;         Provide security lighting at exterior boundaries and within facility as needed to a= id in the prevention of unauthorized movement.

 

g.&= nbsp;        Prohibit on street parking adjacent to major terrorism sensitive facilities.

 

h.&= nbsp;        Remove interior facility parking adjacent to buildings and other sensitive structu= res.

 

 

H.=         ACTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND CONTROL OF ACTS

OF TERRORISM (Continued)=

2.=   PHYSICAL FACILITY TERRORISM SECURITY OPTIONS

i.&= nbsp;         Relocate of extremely hazardous material to a point where it is not readily availabl= e to terrorists (existing or new underground storage, existing or new facility interior structure, etc.).

 

&nb= sp;           j.        &= nbsp; Eliminate extremely hazardous material in facility operation.

 

k.&= nbsp;        Install, operate, and monitor remote controlled television cameras to cover critical security locations.

 

l.&= nbsp;         Utilize qualified security personnel and dogs for the patrol of critical security locations.

 

3.=   FACILITY HUMAN ENTRY SECURITY OPTIONS

a.&= nbsp;        Review and analyze all existing employee files to assure knowledge of background, within federal and state laws, regulations, and guidelines.

 

b.&= nbsp;        Initiate stringent screening, including background checks, of all new employee candidates prior to employment within federal and state laws, regulations, = and guidelines.

 

  &nbs= p;         c.         = Issue photo identification badges or similar devices to all employees.=

        =    

d.  &n= bsp;      Initiate security screening and visitor badging of all visitors, including utilizati= on of metal detection devices and examination of business luggage and handbags= .

 

e.&= nbsp;        Initiate visitor badging and escort of all service personnel from outside contractor= s by a responsible employee.

 
I. &n= bsp;        TERRORISM THREATS

 

Terrorism threats are a form of terrorism in itself. All terrorists threats should be taken seriously.

 

There is no way to assure which threats are real and which are hoaxes. Therefore,= it is necessary to have a procedure to resolve all threat actions.<= /span>

1.&n= bsp;            = ;     All threats should be immediately reported to gover= nmental authorities through the appropriate E-911 Communications Center.=

I.        &= nbsp; TERRORISM THREATS (Continued)

2.&n= bsp;            = ;     Occupants o= f the facility(ies) that would be impacted by the threat should always<= /u> be evacuated from the facility(ies) to a safe location as quickly as possib= le.

 

3.1       If th= ere is no physical evidence that the threat is real at the location referred to by= the threat, the appropriate E-911 Communications Center will dispatch an appropriate law enforcement unit to evaluate the situation at the subject location, to see if the Incident meets the FBI’s definition of a terrorism creditable threat.

            a.         = If the incident analysis by the local law enforcement unit shows that it does = meet the FBI’s definition of a terrorism creditable threat, the procedure = in 3.2 is followed.

 

b.=         = If the incident analysis by the local law enforcement unit does not show that = it meets the FBI’s definition of a terrorism creditable threat, local law enforcement would use either:

(1).  &n= bsp;    Normal department SOP, or

(2).       General Emergency Response Plan procedures including the NIMS concepts, as describe= d in Chapter VI of this ERP with the ranking available law enforcement officer of the jurisdiction serving as the IC, at the request of the ranking available fire service officer of the jurisdiction.

 

3.2       If th= ere is physical evidence that there is an actual evidence of the intent of a terroristic action or that a terroristic action has been initiated at the location referred to by the threat:

a.=         = The relevant E-911 Communications Center shall dispatch appropriate law enforce= ment personnel to the site to:

1.  &n= bsp;      Verify that the Incident meets the FBI’s definition of terrorism.=

 

2.  &n= bsp;      Establish an initial Incident Command Post.

 = ;

3.  &n= bsp;      Assist with the orderly evacuation of any persons at the Incident Site to a safe z= one.

 

           &nbs= p;            4.         = Establish a security perimeter at the edge of the safe zone.

 = ;

5.         = Pass on the request of the initial IC to activate the County EOR.

 

 

 

I.        &= nbsp; TERRORISM THREATS (Continued)

        &= nbsp;   3.2       (Cont= inued)

= b.      =             The relevant E-911 Communications Center shall dispatch appropriate

&nb= sp;           fire= /rescue and EMS personnel and apparatus/equipment to a Staging Area, after initial = sign in at the Reception Station, designated by the initial Incident Commander.<= o:p>

 

c.=         = The relevant E-911 Communications Center shall notify the WV State Police of the terrorist situation as mandated by State law and regulations.

 

d.         The W= VSP shall:

1.  &n= bsp;      Notify the relevant FBI Field Office Special Agent in Charge (SAC) of the terrorism incident.

 = ;

 &n= bsp;            = ;    &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        2.         = Notify the WVDES and HS Director of the terrorism incident.

 = ;

3.         = Notify the WV State Fire Marshal of the terrorism incident.

 

4.  &n= bsp;      Activate the Crisis Management Task Force and the Crisis Management Operations Plan.=

 

5.  &n= bsp;      Notify the local law enforcement IC of the ETA of when the WVSP Threat Management = Team will arrive to assume Incident Command with the WVSP JOC, with the head of = the Team acting as the WVSP OSC until the FBI OSC arrives at the ICP to take overall command of the Incident.

 = ;

6.  &n= bsp;      Dispatch appropriate personnel to the Staging Area to be available to take appropria= te action as directed by the WVSP Threat Management Team headed by the WVSP OS= C.


 

e.=         = The FBI Field Office SAC shall notify the WVSP of the ETA of the FBI OSC at the= JOC to assume overall incident command.

 

f.          The FBI OSC, upon arrival, shall:

(1).       Assume overall incident command at the JOC

(2).       Reque= st appropriate assistance from other federal agencies

(3).       Utilize the existing experti= se of the local government and state government resources available at the JOC, the WVOES EOC and the relevant County EOR.

I.        &= nbsp; TERRORISM THREATS (Continued)

        &= nbsp;   3.2       (Cont= inued)

f.          The FBI OSC, upon arrival, shall: (Continued)

 

Note:  &nbs= p;            Major facilities may have internal terrorism threat procedures. This section of t= he C/WLEPC Plan does not replace such procedures, but rather sets forth off-si= te emergency response procedures to compliment and integrate with major facili= ty threat procedures.

 =

J.  &nb= sp;       TERRORISM THREAT INVESTIGATION

            1.         = Terrorism threat investigation shall be made for the purposes of determining;

            =             a= .         = The existence of the intent to commit an act of terrorism or the initiation of = such an act.

 

            =             b= .         = The location and other pertinent information about the intent to commit an act = of terrorism or the initiation of such an act.

 

            =             &nb= sp;           c.         = Whether the intent to commit an act of terrorism or the initiation of such an act m= eets the FBI’s definition of terrorism, taking into consideration any writ= ten or oral threats received relating to the act.

 

  &nbs= p;         2.         = Threat investigation shall initially be made, with the assistance of appropriate l= aw

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        Enforcement agency as logical, by the logical most qualified personnel from:=

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        a.         = The jurisdiction where the incident takes place.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        b.         = The adjacent jurisdiction.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        c.         = The State of West Virginia.

 

  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;        d.         = The United States government.

 

Note:  R= equests for personnel from the State of West Virginia or the federal government sha= ll be requested through the WVDES and HS.

 

 =

 

 

 

 

K.        CONCLUSION<= /span>

 

Domestic and foreign terrorism are a real possibility in the C/WLEPD. Steps can be taken by facilities and security personnel and locally based federal, state, county = and municipal personnel to help prevent and control terrorism activities. A comprehensive program of terrorism prevention, mitigation and control as discussed above will markedly limit the opportunity for terrorism acts to be successful in the C/WLEPD. All the above aspects should be implemented to t= he greatest extent possible, given the accelerating rate of terrorism acts in = the United States and the potential for the continuation of that acceleration unless pro-active measures are taken. 

 

 

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CHAPTER XII

TERRORISM PREVENTION AND CONTROL PLAN=

 

 

REVISED - SEPTEMBER 2= 005

1=

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